|
|
Seroprevalence of polyomaviruses in human
Blagoevová, Kateřina ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Human BK polyomavirus, also known as Polyomavirus hominis type 1, is a small animal tumorigenic virus. It penetrates into the host cell by caveolin-mediated endocytosis and then through the ER pathway to get into the nucleus where the virus replicates and expresses viral proteins. BKV primary infection typically occurs during childhood and id mostly asymptomatic, it is only occasionally accompanied by mild respiratory or urinary tract illnesses associated with viruria. After primary infection the virus occurs mainly in the kidney and urinary tract and in immunocompetent individuals remains in nonreplicative state. Healthy individuals have no health problems and it persists as a lifelong infection. In immunosuppressed individuals, particularly renal and bone marrow transplant patients, causing virurie, viremia, ureteral stenosis and serious nephropathy, this can lead to graft failure. The prevalence of this virus in the world is significant, scientific publications indicate that up to 80% of the human population has specific antibodies. Any small amounts of the virus prevalence reported in some publications are probably caused by using various sensitive detection methods and different types of samples.
|
|
|
Seroprevalence of polyomaviruses in human
Blagoevová, Kateřina ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Human BK polyomavirus, also known as Polyomavirus hominis type 1, is a small animal tumorigenic virus. It penetrates into the host cell by caveolin-mediated endocytosis and then through the ER pathway to get into the nucleus where the virus replicates and expresses viral proteins. BKV primary infection typically occurs during childhood and id mostly asymptomatic, it is only occasionally accompanied by mild respiratory or urinary tract illnesses associated with viruria. After primary infection the virus occurs mainly in the kidney and urinary tract and in immunocompetent individuals remains in nonreplicative state. Healthy individuals have no health problems and it persists as a lifelong infection. In immunosuppressed individuals, particularly renal and bone marrow transplant patients, causing virurie, viremia, ureteral stenosis and serious nephropathy, this can lead to graft failure. The prevalence of this virus in the world is significant, scientific publications indicate that up to 80% of the human population has specific antibodies. Any small amounts of the virus prevalence reported in some publications are probably caused by using various sensitive detection methods and different types of samples.
|
|
|
Human polyomavirus isolated from Merkel cell carcinoma
Vochozková, Petra ; Šroller, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
Human polyomaviruses belong to the Polyomaviridae family. Until now, five human polyomaviruses (BK, JC, KI, WU and MCV) have been discovered. There is described the course of polyomavirus infection in the first part of the thesis. These small nonenveloped viruses penetrate into the host cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis and then travel through the ER pathway to get into the nucleus where the virus replicates and expresses viral proteins. The infection occurs during early childhood and the virus remains asymptomatic in healthy individuals. However, the virus is able to reactivate in the immunosuppressed patients and can cause some diseases. The second part of thesis is focused on the MCV. MCV genom was detected in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) two years ago. MCV infects the Merkel cells and its DNA integrates into host cell genome. In most cases, the MCV is detected in cancer cells using PCR. Viral sequences encoding the large and small T antigen were found in the MCC using the same method; moreover, there was expressed a significant amount of oncoproteins. These factors point out an important role of MCV in the tumor progress. The study of MCV may help to discover new approaches for the treatment of MCC and other biologically similar tumors.
|
guest ::
